Regions: Himalaya & the hills

Timur — the numbing hill pepper of the eastern Himalaya, on a thorny shrub.

A north-eastern hill fruit, sour and used for pickle and jam.

The Himalayan butter tree, giving cooking fat and an enormous honey flow.

The north-eastern shoot bamboo — fermented shoots are a regional staple.

The tea of the Brahmaputra valley — one bush on a balcony is enough for a pot.

Black cardamom of Sikkim — deep shade under alder, at hill altitudes.

Reetha — the washing fruit of the sub-Himalayan tract, from a good shade tree.

A scrambling hill plant whose root gives a lasting red dye.

A sub-Himalayan tree giving edible fat and enormous quantities of nectar.

The nut tree of Kashmir and the western hills, needing real winter cold.